Skype的另一个突出特点就是能够穿越地址转换设备和防火墙。Skype能够在最小传输带宽32 kb/s的网络上提供高质量的语音。Skype是使用P2P语音服务的代表。由于其具有超清晰语音质量、极强的穿透防火墙能力、免费多方通话以及高保密性等优点,成为互联网上使用最多的P2P应用之一。
4 P2P未来发展和展望
P2P技术不断地改变着互联网,用户无疑是P2P技术的最大受益者。在P2P技术的发展道路上,仍然有许多尚待解决的问题。
版权问题一直是P2P发展的一个不确定因素,如何在技术层面支持合法文件的分发是需要解决的重要问题。安全问题也是P2P领域的重要研究课题,如何在P2P网络中实现数据存取安全、路由安全、用户身份认证和身份管理都需要进一步研究。如果能够实现P2P应用之间的统一资源定位,统一路由,使得P2P技术有一个统一开发标准,将能够融合P2P技术,提升整体性能。
如何有效管理P2P应用所带来的巨大流量是网络运营商面对的重大课题,如何通过缓存或者流量工程的方法,减少P2P流量对网络本身的影响,同时利用P2P技术优化网络性能,比如,将P2P覆盖网络路由的优点引入到传统的网络路由中,可以实现更好的负载均衡,并利用P2P技术提供流媒体等新的增值服务。实际上,P2P技术的发展为运营商提供了可以在低成本的条件下提供更好服务的可能途径。
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